Secret Lady Daily English 20060811

Posted on 七月 12, 2008
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Q:This is she / her (这就是她)、 It is she / her (那就是她)这两句,应用 her 还是 she ?

A:语法上,应说 This / It is she 。

 

读者也许会问: This 是句子主词( subject ),「她」是受词( object ),为什么不用受词 her ? I saw her (我看见她)、 I followed her (我跟她)等句子,总不能改作 I saw she 、 I followed she 吧?

其实 be (包括 is 、 were 等变体)和 see 、 follow 等动词不同。 See 、 follow 是及物动词( transitive verb ),其后必须用受词。 Be 则是个连系动词( linking verb / link verb / copular verb / copulative verb ),用以表示主词「是」什么,那「什么」和「主词」是相等的, This / It is she 等于 She is this / it ,所以不应用受词。

《圣经.路加福音》第二十一章说,耶稣曾叫人提防假耶稣: Many will come in my name, saying, “I am he!”(不少人会借我的名字前来,说:「我就是他!」)

I am he 、 This is she 等语法相同。

不过,上述道理不少人都不明白,英语国家的人也不例外。你常会听到这样的电话对话:”Hello, may I speak to Mary, please?”"This is her.”(「喂,请玛丽听电话好吗?」「我就是玛丽。」)说 This is her 的人,甚至会认为 This is she 不正确。要避免无谓之争,回答电话可用 This is Mary 等代替 This is she 。

至于一般写作,则无论如何应说 This / It is she ,例如: It is she who has captivated the stranger (是她把那陌生人迷住了)。假如说 It is her whom 等等,就错得厉害。

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